Grab your sunscreen and some ice-cold water. After a record-setting June, many climate scientists anticipate that 2023 is on course to become the hottest year on record. Extreme heat can be great news for beach enthusiasts but poses significant risks to both human health and the environment. In this discussion, we delve into several factors that researchers believe may be driving the soaring summer temperatures.
01
El Niño and La Niña
El Niño is a weather phenomenon that alters typical environmental conditions. This climate event weakens trade winds, leading to warmer ocean waters pushing eastward. During El Niño, the northern United States and Canada typically experience warmer and drier conditions. The anticipated El Niño made its debut in early June 2023. Experts contend that this weather pattern will lead to an increase in global temperatures. As El Niño intensifies, another weather pattern known as La Niña has recently concluded. La Niña is its counterpart that brings about cooler ocean temperatures due to stronger trade winds, and its departure is expected to result in warmer weather compared to the previous year.
02
Greenhouse gas emissions
The emission of methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide continues to rise. When these gases enter the Earth’s atmosphere, they create a blanket effect that traps heat. This process is a primary driver of global warming and climate change. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, "This process, commonly known as the ‘greenhouse effect,’ is natural and necessary to support life. However, the recent accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human actions has altered the Earth’s climate, resulting in harmful consequences for human health and ecosystems."
03
Deforestation
Deforestation significantly impacts climate change. Annually, the global community clears forested areas equivalent to the size of Portugal. The burning of cut trees releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which contributes to rising global temperatures. Trees, particularly in dense rainforests, also play a crucial role in regulating rainfall and function like the Earth’s air conditioner by converting surface water into atmospheric moisture. The absence of trees results in elevated temperatures. There are, however, viable solutions to counter climate change. Scientists are advancing solar and wind energy technologies, exploring sustainable agricultural practices, and promoting biodiversity conservation. Individuals can also take meaningful steps to reduce their carbon footprint, such as using public transportation and cutting down on food waste.
04
Warming weather patterns
To enhance temperature predictions, scientists analyze climate patterns. The National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) monitors weather trends and examines temperature data to generate a global temperature forecast. Predictions from the NCEI indicate that warmer-than-average temperatures are likely, based on historical data. For instance, with June 2023 marking the hottest June on record, climate scientists expect global temperatures to continue on this upward trend.
05
Rising ocean temperatures
Additionally, the World Meteorological Organization has highlighted that above-average sea surface temperatures are expected to lead to warmer-than-normal land temperatures this year. Heat trapped due to greenhouse gas emissions has no escape route and is absorbed by the oceans, leading to increased ocean temperatures. Scientists anticipate that El Niño will further elevate sea surface temperatures. Regardless of whether 2023 becomes the hottest year on record, it’s crucial to stay hydrated during these warmer temperatures. In addition to drinking plenty of water and electrolyte-rich beverages, it’s advisable to avoid sun exposure during peak hours and to wear lightweight clothing.
